Those who have been sexually active during the last six months need to be tested for hepatitis B because exposure to semen, blood, vaginal fluids and other body fluids can result in infection. It should also be noted that the virus can also be transferred to you if are accidentally pierced by a needle that was used by an infected person or if you get a tattoo and the needle that was formerly used on an infected person was not properly sterilized. Sharing a toothbrush or razor with an infected person can also cause the transfer of the disease to you.
There are various kinds of tests to detect the presence of the hepatitis B virus (HBV). These tests function by looking for three kinds of markers and these are the antigens, the antibodies and genetic material or DNA. The presence of the HBV DNA shows that the virus is present in the body and by measuring the amount of this DNA, the extent of the HBV infection can be gauged. On the other hand, the presence of HBV antibodies may mean that the person was infected a long time ago but has gotten better. Finally, the HBV antigens are produced by the virus and therefore show that HBV is active in the body.
There are four types of HBV tests. The first type will try to detect the hepatitis B surface antigen or HBsAg, which reveals the presence of an active infection. These antigens may even be detected before the symptoms appear. If the level of HBsAg is consistently high for more than six months then that person is considered to be a lifetime carrier of the disease. A second type of test will attempt to detect the hepatitis B e-antigen or HBeAg, which is a protein that is only present when there is an active HBV infection.
Meanwhile, the test for the hepatitis B surface antibody or HBsAb will show whether the infection is no longer active. The HBsAb is usually present in a person where the infection has been resolved or when an HBV vaccine has done its work. HBV DNA testing shows the extend of an active HBV infection.
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